What is a major risk associated with using a vascular access device (VAD) for blood collection?

The introduction of air embolism is a significant risk when using a vascular access device (VAD) for blood collection. An air embolism occurs when air enters the vascular system, which can lead to severe complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, or even death, depending on where the air travels in the bloodstream.

When a VAD is improperly managed, especially if there is a break in the system or if air is not adequately expelled from the device before use, there is a risk that air can be drawn into the vascular system alongside the blood. Proper technique, including ensuring that all components are free from air before initiating collection, is crucial in mitigating this risk.

In contrast, while contamination of blood with alcohol or using non-sterile instruments presents risks, these can often be managed with adherence to infection control protocols. Inaccurate blood volume measurement is more related to technique and equipment calibration issues rather than a major inherent risk of using a VAD. Thus, understanding the specific risks associated with air embolism highlights the crucial aspects of safety procedures in phlebotomy practices.